Volume 17, Issue 3 (Vol 17,No.3, Atumn 2021 2021)
irje 2021, 17(3): 254-263 |
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Faghir Gangi M, Mirzazadeh A, Rastad H, Nedjat S, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Yazdani K. Reasons for Not Using Condoms by People Who Inject Drugs in Iran; Results from a Conventional Content Analysis in 2018. irje 2021; 17 (3) :254-263
URL: http://irje.tums.ac.ir/article-1-7036-en.html
URL: http://irje.tums.ac.ir/article-1-7036-en.html
1- MSc of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2- Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
3- Assistant Professor, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran , h.rastad @abzums.ac.ir
4- Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5- Professor of Psychiatry, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
6- Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2- Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
3- Assistant Professor, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran , h.rastad @abzums.ac.ir
4- Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5- Professor of Psychiatry, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
6- Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (2273 Views)
Background and Objectives: This qualitative study was conducted to identify reasons for not using condoms by people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran.
Materials and Methods: Purposeful sampling was applied to recruit four groups [male PWID (n = 14), female PWID (n=6), service providers (n=8), and HIV/Addiction experts (n = 9)] into a qualitative study. Data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) or individual in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis.
Results: The mean age was 44.0 years for male and 38.2 for female PWID. Qualitative analysis showed 16 themes for not using a condom, which were grouped in three main categories, including knowledge (3 themes), accessibility (4 themes), and individual barriers to use condoms (9 themes). Poor knowledge included low perceived level of risk, insufficient training, and misconceptions. Lack of access to condoms resulted from the country's new policy for population growth control and decrease in the number of pharmacies and harm reduction centers and prisons where condoms were previously distributed free of charge. Common reported individual barriers to condom use were poverty, homelessness, depression, low self-care, and low self-esteem, less pleasure, having sex under the influence of drugs, and stigma.
Conclusion: Both structural and individual factors may play a role as barriers to condom use among PWID.
Materials and Methods: Purposeful sampling was applied to recruit four groups [male PWID (n = 14), female PWID (n=6), service providers (n=8), and HIV/Addiction experts (n = 9)] into a qualitative study. Data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) or individual in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis.
Results: The mean age was 44.0 years for male and 38.2 for female PWID. Qualitative analysis showed 16 themes for not using a condom, which were grouped in three main categories, including knowledge (3 themes), accessibility (4 themes), and individual barriers to use condoms (9 themes). Poor knowledge included low perceived level of risk, insufficient training, and misconceptions. Lack of access to condoms resulted from the country's new policy for population growth control and decrease in the number of pharmacies and harm reduction centers and prisons where condoms were previously distributed free of charge. Common reported individual barriers to condom use were poverty, homelessness, depression, low self-care, and low self-esteem, less pleasure, having sex under the influence of drugs, and stigma.
Conclusion: Both structural and individual factors may play a role as barriers to condom use among PWID.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Epidemiology
Received: 2022/01/18 | Accepted: 2021/12/1 | Published: 2021/12/1
Received: 2022/01/18 | Accepted: 2021/12/1 | Published: 2021/12/1
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